Thunderstorms occur in a type of cloud known as a cumulonimbus. They are usually accompanied by strong winds and often produce heavy rain and sometimes snow sleet or hail but some thunderstorms produce little precipitation or no precipitation at all. Thunderstorms may line up in a series or become a rainband known as a squall line. Strong or severe thunderstorms include some of the most dangerous weather phenomena including large hail strong winds and tornadoes. Some of the most persistent severe thunderstorms known as supercells rotate as do cyclones. While most thunderstorms move with the mean wind flow through the layer of the troposphere that they occupy vertical wind shear sometimes causes a deviation in their course at a right angle to the wind shear direction.

Thunderstorms can form and develop in any geographic location but most frequently within the mid-latitude where warm moist air from tropical latitudes collides with cooler air from polar latitudes. Thunderstorms are responsible for the development and formation of many severe weather phenomena. Thunderstorms and the phenomena that occur along with them pose great hazards. Damage that results from thunderstorms is mainly inflicted by downburst winds large hailstones and flash flooding caused by heavy precipitation. More vital thunderstorm cells are capable of producing tornadoes and waterspouts.

There are three types of thunderstorms: single-cell multi-cell and supercell. Supercell thunderstorms are the strongest and most severe. Mesoscale convective systems formed by favorable vertical wind shear within the tropics and subtropics can be responsible for the development of hurricanes. Dry thunderstorms with no precipitation can cause the outbreak of wildfires from the heat generated from the cloud-to-ground lightning that accompanies them. Several means are used to study thunderstorms: weather radar weather stations and video photography. Past civilizations held various myths concerning thunderstorms and their development as late as the 18th century. Beyond the Earth's atmosphere thunderstorms have also been observed on the planets of Jupiter Saturn Neptune and probably Venus.

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